Causes of Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy

Sometimes you may come across a chest x-ray which shows Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy (BHL), so what differential needs to be considered. Here are the differential diagnoses to be considered in such cases. There is a clinical tip here. If there…

Sarcoidosis: Know about it in just less than 5 minutes

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease, affecting most commonly the lungs. This post gives only essential information on the topic that you need for your exams.

Pleural effusion – All that you need to know before the exam

Pleural effusion is a common and easy-to-pick finding, so do not worry. Read this post, and you are ready for the OSCE case on pleural effusion in the exam.

Bronchial breathing: What is it, its mechanism, and what causes

Bronchial breath sounds are loud, harsh and high-pitched breath sounds. These sounds are normal if heard over the tracheobronchial tree, but are considered abnormal if heard over lung tissue upon auscultation. The sound quality is tubular, both inspiratory and expiratory…

Bartter, Gitelman & Liddle Syndromes – Made EASY

Bartter, Gitelman & Liddle syndrome can be confusing for some students. In this post, these syndromes are simplified as much as possible to be fully understood.

PLAB: 30 Seconds General Survey – made simple

This post is a sort of practice checklist for the PLAB candidates and provides the things to be looked for during 30 seconds general survey.

Polyphonic & monophonic wheeze – What is the difference

Wheeze is a common sign found in respiratory system examinations, most common in asthma patients. It can be monophonic and polyphonic. What's the difference?

Clinical Examination Stations – Simple yet significant tips

This post will give you some useful tips for the clinical examination stations. Cheers! Being clinicians, we all know the importance of history-taking that it is a way to know the details of presenting symptoms. Clinical or Physical Examination is…

Neurology Examination – Simple tips for MRCP PACES

Here are some very useful tips for the Neurology examination during MRCP PACES! 1) Read the given clinical scenario carefully, & make a provisional diagnosis in your mind about what to expect ahead & how to elicit the signs. 2)…

Cardiovascular Examination – Improve your skills with these useful tips

Improve your cardiovascular examination skills with these simple, basic yet powerful tips. Follow these during everyday practice to master the examination.